A few words about the upgrade process in Ubuntu Linux Operating System
Similarly with the article titled ‘How to Update Ubuntu Linux Operating System in this link, this article is also try to point out an important process. That process is the upgrade process. Actually, the upgrade process is also quite important. As the update process is completely done, continue on to execute the upgrade process. Hence, the upgrade process in this article is compatible only with the Debian or Ubuntu-based Linux operating system distribution.
Steps taken to upgrade process in Ubuntu Linux Operating System
Without further explanation, below are the description of steps for upgrading the operating system :
1. First of all, run the update process.
This is actually a mandatory process. The update process must be run before the upgrade process can take place. An article about the update process is available in this site. The article titled ‘How to Update Ubuntu Linux Operating System’. It can be visited in this link.
2. Switch to root account of the operating system.
Normally, this is the first step for every activities involving the operating system configuration. Moreover, in the context of this article, the operating system configuration is the upgrade process. It will upgrade the packages or tools in the operating system. The following is the command to switch to root account :
sudo su -
Just type the following command according the command pattern above in the command line :
user@hostname:~$ sudo su - [sudo] password for user: root@hostname:~#
3. Perform the upgrade process.
This process is quite simple. Just type the following command in the command line :
apt-get upgrade
The following are the output of the above command execution :
root@hostname:/opt# apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages have been kept back: gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic The following packages will be upgraded: amd64-microcode apparmor apport apport-gtk appstream apt apt-config-icons apt-utils apturl apturl-common avahi-autoipd avahi-daemon avahi-utils base-files bind9-host binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu bolt brltty console-setup console-setup-linux cpp cpp-7 dnsutils evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common firefox firefox-locale-en fonts-liberation fonts-liberation2 fonts-opensymbol gcc-7-base gcc-8-base gdm3 ghostscript ghostscript-x gir1.2-gdm-1.0 gir1.2-gmenu-3.0 gir1.2-mutter-2 gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0 gir1.2-pango-1.0 gir1.2-udisks-2.0 gir1.2-vte-2.91 gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-data gnome-control-center-faces gnome-initial-setup gnome-menus gnome-shell gnome-shell-common gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock gnome-software gnome-software-common gnome-software-plugin-snap grub-common grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-efi-amd64-signed grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub2-common gstreamer1.0-packagekit imagemagick imagemagick-6-common imagemagick-6.q16 initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-bin initramfs-tools-core intel-microcode keyboard-configuration libapparmor1 libappstream4 libapt-inst2.0 libapt-pkg5.0 libarchive13 libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libavahi-core7 libavahi-glib1 libbind9-160 libbinutils libbrlapi0.6 libcamel-1.2-61 libcc1-0 libcryptsetup12 libcurl3-gnutls libdns-export1100 libdns1100 libebackend-1.2-10 libebook-1.2-19 libebook-contacts-1.2-2 libecal-1.2-19 libedata-book-1.2-25 libedata-cal-1.2-28 libedataserver-1.2-23 libedataserverui-1.2-2 libegl1 libgcc1 libgd3 libgdm1 libgl1 libgles2 libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-data libglvnd0 libglx0 libgnome-menu-3-0 libgomp1 libgpgme11 libgpgmepp6 libgs9 libgs9-common libirs160 libisc-export169 libisc169 libisccc160 libisccfg160 libkpathsea6 liblcms2-2 liblcms2-utils liblouis-data liblouis14 liblwres160 libmagickcore-6.q16-3 libmagickcore-6.q16-3-extra libmagickwand-6.q16-3 libmozjs-52-0 libmutter-2-0 libnautilus-extension1a libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpangoxft-1.0-0 libplymouth4 libpoppler-glib8 libpoppler73 libpython3.6 libpython3.6-minimal libpython3.6-stdlib libsmbclient libstdc++6 libsysmetrics1 libudisks2-0 libvte-2.91-0 libvte-2.91-common libwbclient0 libx11-6 libx11-data libx11-xcb1 libxml2 linux-signed-generic lshw mutter mutter-common nautilus nautilus-data packagekit packagekit-tools plymouth plymouth-label plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text poppler-utils python3-apport python3-brlapi python3-distupgrade python3-louis python3-problem-report python3-software-properties python3-update-manager python3-wadllib python3.6 python3.6-minimal samba-libs shim shim-signed software-properties-common software-properties-gtk tzdata ubuntu-drivers-common ubuntu-release-upgrader-core ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk ubuntu-report ubuntu-settings ubuntu-software udisks2 update-manager update-manager-core wpasupplicant x11-common xbrlapi xorg xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-video-all 198 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 7 not upgraded. Need to get 127 MB of archives. After this operation, 6.384 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
See the compilation of all programs or tools for the installation preparation above ?. It is showing the difference from the update process. The update process only update the version of the packages or tools. On the contrary, the upgrade process performing the installation process to update all of the programs or tools. It will refers to the list of updated version of the packages or tools as the result of executing update process. The following is the output of running the upgrade process :
.... Installing for x86_64-efi platform. Installation finished. No error reported. Setting up imagemagick-6.q16 (8:6.9.7.4+dfsg-16ubuntu6.4) ... Setting up libsmbclient:amd64 (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.2) ... Setting up libmagickcore-6.q16-3-extra:amd64 (8:6.9.7.4+dfsg-16ubuntu6.4) ... Setting up gir1.2-mutter-2:amd64 (3.28.3-2~ubuntu18.04.1) ... Setting up imagemagick (8:6.9.7.4+dfsg-16ubuntu6.4) ... Setting up bind9-host (1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1.2) ... Setting up plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo (0.9.3-1ubuntu7.18.04.1) ... update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Setting up mutter (3.28.3-2~ubuntu18.04.1) ... Setting up gir1.2-vte-2.91:amd64 (0.52.2-1ubuntu1~18.04.2) ... Setting up gnome-shell (3.28.3-0ubuntu0.18.04.2) ... Setting up dnsutils (1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1.2) ... Setting up gnome-control-center (1:3.28.2-0ubuntu0.18.04.2) ... Setting up avahi-daemon (0.7-3.1ubuntu1.1) ... Setting up avahi-utils (0.7-3.1ubuntu1.1) ... Setting up gdm3 (3.28.3-0ubuntu18.04.1) ... Setting up python3-distupgrade (1:18.04.26) ... Setting up python3-update-manager (1:18.04.11.5) ... Setting up ubuntu-release-upgrader-core (1:18.04.26) ... Setting up apturl-common (0.5.2ubuntu14.2) ... Setting up ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk (1:18.04.26) ... Setting up update-manager-core (1:18.04.11.5) ... Setting up apturl (0.5.2ubuntu14.2) ... Setting up update-manager (1:18.04.11.5) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.130ubuntu3.5) ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic root@hostname:/opt#
As shown in the above edited output, the upgrade process has completely success.