This article will present a content about how to list all available services in Linux Ubuntu 18.04. There are several ways to display all the available linux services. But in a real case, some of those ways fails to list all services usually. In order to list all the available services, normally the way is for using several specific commands to generate the result. The following are those commands :
1. The first one is using the ‘service’ command. The pattern for listing all available services is as follows :
service --status-all
The output of the above command exist as follows :
root@hostname ~(keystone)# systemctl -l --type service --all UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon alsa-restore.service loaded active exited Save/Restore Sound Card State alsa-state.service loaded inactive dead Manage Sound Card State (restore and store) anacron.service loaded inactive dead Run anacron jobs ● apache2.service loaded failed failed The Apache HTTP Server apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization apport-autoreport.service loaded inactive dead Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation apt-daily-upgrade.service loaded inactive dead Daily apt upgrade and clean activities apt-daily.service loaded inactive dead Daily apt download activities ● auditd.service not-found inactive dead auditd.service avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack blk-availability.service loaded active exited Availability of block devices bluetooth.service loaded active running Bluetooth service bolt.service loaded active running Thunderbolt system service certbot.service loaded inactive dead Certbot clamav-daemon.service loaded active running Clam AntiVirus userspace daemon clamav-freshclam.service loaded active running ClamAV virus database updater colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles ● connman.service not-found inactive dead connman.service conntrackd.service loaded active running Conntrack Daemon ● console-screen.service not-found inactive dead console-screen.service console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap containerd.service loaded active running containerd container runtime ● cpufrequtils.service not-found inactive dead cpufrequtils.service cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus dm-event.service loaded inactive dead Device-mapper event daemon dns-clean.service loaded inactive dead Clean up any mess left by 0dns-up docker.service loaded active running Docker Application Container Engine ebtables.service loaded active exited ebtables ruleset management emergency.service loaded inactive dead Emergency Shell ● exim4.service not-found inactive dead exim4.service failsafe-x.service loaded inactive dead X.org diagnosis failsafe ● fcoe.service not-found inactive dead fcoe.service ● festival.service not-found inactive dead festival.service ● firewalld.service not-found inactive dead firewalld.service ● forticlient-scheduler.service masked inactive dead forticlient-scheduler.service fstrim.service loaded inactive dead Discard unused blocks fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon gdm.service loaded active running GNOME Display Manager getty-static.service loaded inactive dead getty on tty2-tty6 if dbus and logind are not available [email protected] loaded inactive dead Getty on tty1 gitlab-runsvdir.service loaded active running GitLab Runit supervision process glance-api.service loaded active running OpenStack Image Service API gpu-manager.service loaded inactive dead Detect the available GPUs and deal with any system changes grafana-server.service loaded active running Grafana instance lines 1-52
The above output is just an example and it doesn’t display all of the services in one page. In the above output, there is an additional information about the service, the status and also a short information about what the service is actually does. This command, the systemctl command is a proper one to use. The output in the above might different where it is actually depends on the environment and also the available services exist in it. Furthremore, the command systemctl should yield good results with list-units option. Some extra parameters are added, which are self explainable. The above systemctl command execution can have another pattern to display it in a different form. The following is another pattern for the same command with a different parameters :
systemctl list-units --all --type=service --no-pager
Just execute the above pattern command, and the following output will appear :
root@hostname:~$ systemctl list-units --all --type=service --no-pager UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon alsa-restore.service loaded active exited Save/Restore Sound Card State alsa-state.service loaded inactive dead Manage Sound Card State (restore and store) anacron.service loaded inactive dead Run anacron jobs apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization apport-autoreport.service loaded inactive dead Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation apt-daily-upgrade.service loaded inactive dead Daily apt upgrade and clean activities apt-daily.service loaded inactive dead Daily apt download activities ● auditd.service not-found inactive dead auditd.service avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack blk-availability.service loaded active exited Availability of block devices bluetooth.service loaded active running Bluetooth service bolt.service loaded active running Thunderbolt system service certbot.service loaded inactive dead Certbot clamav-daemon.service loaded active running Clam AntiVirus userspace daemon clamav-freshclam.service loaded active running ClamAV virus database updater colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles ● connman.service not-found inactive dead connman.service conntrackd.service loaded active running Conntrack Daemon ● console-screen.service not-found inactive dead console-screen.service console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap containerd.service loaded active running containerd container runtime ● cpufrequtils.service not-found inactive dead cpufrequtils.service cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus dm-event.service loaded inactive dead Device-mapper event daemon dns-clean.service loaded inactive dead Clean up any mess left by 0dns-up docker.service loaded active running Docker Application Container Engine ebtables.service loaded active exited ebtables ruleset management emergency.service loaded inactive dead Emergency Shell ● exim4.service not-found inactive dead exim4.service failsafe-x.service loaded inactive dead X.org diagnosis failsafe ● fcoe.service not-found inactive dead fcoe.service ● festival.service not-found inactive dead festival.service ● firewalld.service not-found inactive dead firewalld.service ● forticlient-scheduler.service masked inactive dead forticlient-scheduler.service fstrim.service loaded inactive dead Discard unused blocks fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon gdm.service loaded active running GNOME Display Manager getty-static.service loaded inactive dead getty on tty2-tty6 if dbus and logind are not available [email protected] loaded inactive dead Getty on tty1 gitlab-runsvdir.service loaded active running GitLab Runit supervision process glance-api.service loaded active running OpenStack Image Service API gpu-manager.service loaded inactive dead Detect the available GPUs and deal with any system changes grafana-server.service loaded active running Grafana instance grub-common.service loaded active exited LSB: Record successful boot for GRUB haproxy.service loaded active running HAProxy Load Balancer hddtemp.service loaded active exited LSB: disk temperature monitoring daemon ipvsadm.service loaded active exited LSB: ipvsadm daemon irqbalance.service loaded active running irqbalance daemon ● iscsi-shutdown.service not-found inactive dead iscsi-shutdown.service iscsid.service loaded inactive dead iSCSI initiator daemon (iscsid) ● kbd.service not-found inactive dead kbd.service keepalived.service loaded inactive dead Keepalive Daemon (LVS and VRRP) kerneloops.service loaded active running Tool to automatically collect and submit kernel crash signatures keyboard-setup.service loaded active exited Set the console keyboard layout ● keystone.service not-found inactive dead keystone.service kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel libvirt-guests.service loaded active exited Suspend/Resume Running libvirt Guests libvirtd.service loaded active running Virtualization daemon lm-sensors.service loaded active exited Initialize hardware monitoring sensors ● lvm2-activation.service not-found inactive dead lvm2-activation.service lvm2-lvmetad.service loaded active running LVM2 metadata daemon lvm2-lvmpolld.service loaded inactive dead LVM2 poll daemon lvm2-monitor.service loaded active exited Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dmeventd or progress polling mariadb.service loaded active running MariaDB 10.1.40 database server memcached.service loaded active running memcached daemon ModemManager.service loaded active running Modem Manager motd-news.service loaded inactive dead Message of the Day ● mountkernfs.service masked inactive dead mountkernfs.service mssql-server.service loaded active running Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine networkd-dispatcher.service loaded active running Dispatcher daemon for systemd-networkd networking.service loaded active exited Raise network interfaces NetworkManager-wait-online.service loaded active exited Network Manager Wait Online NetworkManager.service loaded active running Network Manager ● neutron-ovs-cleanup.service not-found inactive dead neutron-ovs-cleanup.service nmbd.service loaded active running Samba NMB Daemon ● nova-api.service masked inactive dead nova-api.service nova-compute.service loaded active running OpenStack Compute ● nova-conductor.service masked inactive dead nova-conductor.service ● nova-consoleauth.service masked inactive dead nova-consoleauth.service ● nova-novncproxy.service masked inactive dead nova-novncproxy.service ● nova-scheduler.service masked inactive dead nova-scheduler.service ntp-systemd-netif.service loaded inactive dead ntp-systemd-netif.service ntp.service loaded inactive dead Network Time Service ● oem-config.service not-found inactive dead oem-config.service ondemand.service loaded inactive dead Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor open-iscsi.service loaded inactive dead Login to default iSCSI targets packagekit.service loaded active running PackageKit Daemon phpsessionclean.service loaded inactive dead Clean php session files plymouth-quit-wait.service loaded inactive dead Hold until boot process finishes up plymouth-quit.service loaded inactive dead Terminate Plymouth Boot Screen plymouth-read-write.service loaded inactive dead Tell Plymouth To Write Out Runtime Data plymouth-start.service loaded inactive dead Show Plymouth Boot Screen polkit.service loaded active running Authorization Manager postfix.service loaded active exited Postfix Mail Transport Agent [email protected] loaded active running Postfix Mail Transport Agent (instance -) postgresql.service loaded active exited PostgreSQL RDBMS ● [email protected] loaded failed failed PostgreSQL Cluster 10-main pppd-dns.service loaded inactive dead Restore /etc/resolv.conf if the system crashed before the ppp link was shut down prometheus-node-exporter.service loaded active running Prometheus exporter for machine metrics prometheus.service loaded active running Monitoring system and time series database qemu-kvm.service loaded active exited QEMU KVM preparation - module, ksm, hugepages ● rabbitmq-server.service loaded failed failed RabbitMQ Messaging Server rc-local.service loaded inactive dead /etc/rc.local Compatibility rescue.service loaded inactive dead Rescue Shell resolvconf-pull-resolved.service loaded inactive dead resolvconf-pull-resolved.service resolvconf.service loaded active exited Nameserver information manager rsync.service loaded inactive dead fast remote file copy program daemon rsyslog.service loaded active running System Logging Service rtkit-daemon.service loaded active running RealtimeKit Scheduling Policy Service ● sdkserver.service loaded failed failed zVM SDK API server ● sendmail.service not-found inactive dead sendmail.service setvtrgb.service loaded active exited Set console scheme smbd.service loaded active running Samba SMB Daemon snap.lxd.activate.service loaded inactive dead Service for snap application lxd.activate snap.lxd.daemon.service loaded active running Service for snap application lxd.daemon snapd.autoimport.service loaded inactive dead Auto import assertions from block devices snapd.core-fixup.service loaded inactive dead Automatically repair incorrect owner/permissions on core devices snapd.failure.service loaded inactive dead Failure handling of the snapd snap snapd.seeded.service loaded active exited Wait until snapd is fully seeded snapd.service loaded active running Snappy daemon snapd.snap-repair.service loaded inactive dead Automatically fetch and run repair assertions speech-dispatcher.service loaded active exited LSB: Speech Dispatcher ssh.service loaded active running OpenBSD Secure Shell server ● sssd.service not-found inactive dead sssd.service sysfsutils.service loaded active exited LSB: Set sysfs variables from /etc/sysfs.conf sysstat.service loaded active exited Resets System Activity Data Collector systemd-ask-password-console.service loaded inactive dead Dispatch Password Requests to Console systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service loaded inactive dead Forward Password Requests to Plymouth systemd-ask-password-wall.service loaded inactive dead Forward Password Requests to Wall systemd-backlight@backlight:intel_backlight.service loaded active exited Load/Save Screen Backlight Brightness of backlight:intel_backlight systemd-backlight@leds:tpacpi::kbd_backlight.service loaded active exited Load/Save Screen Backlight Brightness of leds:tpacpi::kbd_backlight systemd-binfmt.service loaded inactive dead Set Up Additional Binary Formats systemd-fsck-root.service loaded inactive dead File System Check on Root Device systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-B2FD\x2dE3BB.service loaded active exited File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/B2FD-E3BB systemd-fsckd.service loaded inactive dead File System Check Daemon to report status systemd-hwdb-update.service loaded inactive dead Rebuild Hardware Database systemd-initctl.service loaded inactive dead /dev/initctl Compatibility Daemon systemd-journal-flush.service loaded active exited Flush Journal to Persistent Storage systemd-journald.service loaded active running Journal Service systemd-logind.service loaded active running Login Service systemd-machine-id-commit.service loaded inactive dead Commit a transient machine-id on disk ● systemd-machined.service not-found inactive dead systemd-machined.service systemd-modules-load.service loaded active exited Load Kernel Modules systemd-networkd.service loaded inactive dead Network Service systemd-quotacheck.service loaded inactive dead File System Quota Check systemd-random-seed.service loaded active exited Load/Save Random Seed systemd-remount-fs.service loaded active exited Remount Root and Kernel File Systems systemd-resolved.service loaded active running Network Name Resolution systemd-rfkill.service loaded inactive dead Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status systemd-sysctl.service loaded active exited Apply Kernel Variables ● systemd-sysusers.service not-found inactive dead systemd-sysusers.service systemd-timesyncd.service loaded active running Network Time Synchronization systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service loaded inactive dead Cleanup of Temporary Directories systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service loaded active exited Create Static Device Nodes in /dev systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service loaded active exited Create Volatile Files and Directories systemd-udev-trigger.service loaded active exited udev Coldplug all Devices systemd-udevd.service loaded active running udev Kernel Device Manager ● systemd-update-done.service not-found inactive dead systemd-update-done.service systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service loaded inactive dead Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes systemd-update-utmp.service loaded active exited Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown systemd-user-sessions.service loaded active exited Permit User Sessions ● systemd-vconsole-setup.service not-found inactive dead systemd-vconsole-setup.service thermald.service loaded active running Thermal Daemon Service tuptime.service loaded active exited Tuptime service udisks2.service loaded active running Disk Manager ufw.service loaded active exited Uncomplicated firewall unattended-upgrades.service loaded active running Unattended Upgrades Shutdown upower.service loaded active running Daemon for power management ureadahead-stop.service loaded inactive dead Stop ureadahead data collection ureadahead.service loaded inactive dead Read required files in advance [email protected] loaded active running User Manager for UID 1000 [email protected] loaded active running User Manager for UID 122 uuidd.service loaded inactive dead Daemon for generating UUIDs virtlockd.service loaded inactive dead Virtual machine lock manager virtlogd.service loaded inactive dead Virtual machine log manager virtualbox.service loaded active exited LSB: VirtualBox Linux kernel module whoopsie.service loaded active running crash report submission daemon ● winbind.service not-found inactive dead winbind.service wpa_supplicant.service loaded active running WPA supplicant LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded. ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB. SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type. 187 loaded units listed. To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'. (base) root@hostname:~$
2. There is another command for listing or displaying the complete list of available services in the operating system. The following is the command pattern :
service --status all
Below is the example of the above command execution :
root@hostname:~$ service --status-all [ + ] acpid [ - ] alsa-utils [ - ] anacron [ + ] apache-htcacheclean [ + ] apache2 [ + ] apparmor [ + ] apport [ + ] avahi-daemon [ + ] bluetooth [ - ] brltty [ - ] cgroupfs-mount [ + ] clamav-daemon [ + ] clamav-freshclam [ + ] conntrackd [ - ] console-setup.sh [ + ] cron [ - ] cryptdisks [ - ] cryptdisks-early [ + ] cups [ + ] cups-browsed [ + ] dbus [ - ] dns-clean [ + ] docker [ + ] ebtables [ + ] gdm3 [ + ] glance-api [ + ] grafana-server [ + ] grub-common [ + ] haproxy [ + ] hddtemp [ - ] hwclock.sh [ + ] ipvsadm [ + ] irqbalance [ + ] iscsid [ ? ] jira [ - ] keepalived [ + ] kerneloops [ - ] keyboard-setup.sh [ + ] kmod [ + ] libvirt-guests [ - ] lightdm [ + ] lm-sensors [ - ] lvm2 [ + ] lvm2-lvmetad [ + ] lvm2-lvmpolld [ - ] mdadm [ - ] mdadm-waitidle [ + ] memcached [ + ] mysql [ + ] network-manager [ + ] networking [ + ] nmbd [ - ] nova-api [ + ] nova-compute [ - ] nova-conductor [ - ] nova-consoleauth [ - ] nova-novncproxy [ - ] nova-scheduler [ - ] ntp [ - ] open-iscsi [ - ] plymouth [ - ] plymouth-log [ + ] postfix [ + ] postgresql ...
In the generated output command above, there are three types of services available. Those types are :
[ + ] this sign is for the running services
[ - ] this sign is for stopped services
[ ? ] this sign is for services without a 'status' command
In the above output, every service has its own label for the service name.